|
Topic |
Study |
Detail |
Evaluation |
Application |
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1. Risk takers 2. Risk avoiders |
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Injury-prone personality |
Pitts, 1996 |
Predictors: 1. Aggression 2. Over-activity 3. Boys are three times more likely to have an injury-prone personality 4. Jaquess and Finney (1994) economic deprivation |
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Pheasant (1991) |
1. Personal characteristics 2. Transient states |
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Freud |
‘The Psychopathology of Everyday Life’ (1901). |
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Menninger (1938), |
Unconscious wish to punish ourselves |
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Reason, 2000 |
Person approach |
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Greenwood and Woods (1919) |
Accident-prone |
· Different levels of risk run by people in different jobs · Adelstein 1952 railway shunters |
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REPEATERS |
Hill and Inst (1962) |
Accident repeaters |
Photographic process plant Castle, 1956 |
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ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE |
Simpson et a/. 2001). |
Emergency departments in Scotland |
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Barbone et aI. (1998) |
Medical records of drivers in Scotland |
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Personality and Road Accidents |
Relationships between personality, risky driving and involvement in accidents |
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Ulleberg,-Pal 2001 |
Personality subtypes of 2,524 young
drivers |
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Lajunen,-Timo 2001 |
Relationship
between extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism, and road traffic
fatalities |
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LACK OF SLEEP |
Asken, 1983 |
· Make more errors ·
Need longer to complete a task |
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Maycock, 1996 |
Survey of 4,600 UK drivers found that 29 per cent admitted to having felt close to falling asleep at the wheel during the previous 12 months |
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TYPE A BEHAVIOUR PATTERN |
Suls et al., 1988 |
More likely to have accidents |
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Magnavita, 1997 |
Drivers with the Type A behaviours had a greater risk of traffic accidents. |
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Jones and Wuebker (1988) Personnel inventory |
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INTROVERSION AND EXTROVERSION |
Liao et al., 2001 |
171 fire-fighters |
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Furnham and Heaven, 1999 |
Car accidents |
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Cellar et al 2001 |
Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and self-report measures of prior workplace accident involvement |
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AGE |
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PROBLEMS WITH THE PERSON APPROACH |
(Reason, 1990). |
Chernobyl |
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(Reason, 2000). |
· Best people who make the worst mistakes · Mishaps are not random |
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